Caitlin Walton Unit 4 Assignment 2

Decrease in resting heart rate
Your heart rate decreases when your resting because your heart is less efficient. Professional athletes may have a heart rate as low as 30 beats per minute.

Increase in heart rate and strength
The heart is a cardiac muscle that can be trained to grow stronger just like any other muscle.

Increase is stroke volume
Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from the heart in one beat. If it can pump out lots of blood in one beat, it does not have to beat as much.

The heart can pump more blood per beat
This is so the resting heart rate decreases (brodycardia) heart becomes more efficient and does not need to beat as quickly to supply the boxy with oxygenated blood.

Decreased risk of hypertension (high blood pressure)
If you have a healthy heart, your less likely to have high blood pressure because your arteries are not blocked so the blood is being pumped normally.

Increase vital capacity
This means your lungs are bigger and more efficient. Due to this, you can breath in and out more air.

Increased efficiency to deliver oxygen and remove waste products
In the human body, a division of labour has evolved so that there are numerous different types of cell, each highly specialised and adapted for a particular function. All these cells work together in a co-ordinated manner to achieve ‘health’. Each cell requires an adequate supply of oxygen and other nutrients and needs to get rid of waste products. The fluid environment in which cells exist is called tissue fluid and makes up the internal environment.

Increased lung efficiency and gaseous exchange

To supply the cells of our body with a continuous supply of oxygen for respiration and to remove the carbon dioxide generated by respiration, we have evolved a specialised exchange surface for gas exchange within the breathing system. The efficiency of this system is further improved by ventilation of this exchange surface and by having an efficient blood supply - both of which maintain a suitable concentration gradient.

Increased maximum oxygen uptake
Oxygen consumption is considered the standard for measuring the physiological intensity of exercise. If heart rate is the tachometer, the oxygen consumption is how much gas per mile you're burning to achieve a certain speed. In cross-county skiing, success is largely dependent on the body's oxygen uptake ability. The more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles, the greater the energy supply, and the faster the body can travel over distance.

Hypertrophy
This is where the muscles get bigger and stronger. Micro-tears occur and then the healing process is what helps the muscles grow stronger. Atrophy is where the muscle decreases in size and strength. This might be due to injury.

Increase in bone density
This happens when the calcium production increases. If you have a good balance of a healthy diet and exercise, the calcium production will increase, meaning your bones will be stronger and stronger.

Decreased risk of osteoporosis
The more calcium you have, the less chance you have getting osteoporosis as the calcium is making them stronger. Calcium continues strengthening the bones of humans until they reach the age of 20-25 years, or when they reach their peak mass. After that age, the element helps bone maintenance as well as slowing down bone density loss, which is a natural part of the aging process.

Improved posture
To get a good posture, you must exercise all parts of your body. The stronger your bones, the better your posture. A good posture is better for your health. Good ways to improve your posture include, stretches, yoga, training your muscles to do the work and focus on your calves.

Increased number of mitochondria
This is known as the power house of the cell. The matrix fills with water and protein. The protein takes the food molecules and combines them with oxygen. Water+Food+Carbon Dioxide that we breath=energy. The more mitochondria we have, the better, faster and more efficient we will be at creating energy.

Stronger connective tissues (ligaments and tendons), so more resistant to injury
Ligaments are stretchy bands of tissue that, in most cases, hold one bone to another. They are a key part of what allows most joints to move, help control their range of motion, and stabilize them so that the bones move in proper alignment. Some parts of the peritoneum, the membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity, are also called ligaments although they perform a different function. The stronger your ligaments, the less chance you have of twisting them which will be painful.

Increased thickness of hyaline cartilage
Cartilage is tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. The thicker the cartilage, the more cushion you have in-between your bone which stops them from rubbing.

Increased stability of joints
The stronger your ligaments, the stronger your tendons and the thicker your cartilage, the more stable your joints will be. The joints of the body come in all shapes and sizes. The most important factor here is degree of proportion to the articulating surfaces.