Will Brett Unit 2 Assignment 1

Rules, scoring systems and Regulations for Football
RULES:
1. when going into a tackle do not have your studs facing up
2. do not use your hands unless you are in goal
3. you can use any part of the body to control the ball besides your hands
4. you can use your shoulder to push people off the ball
5. do not wear any jewellery
6. in a free kick situation the wall must be 10 yards away from the ball
7. when taking a goal kick it must not go out of the 6 yard box
8. you cannot be in the area when a goal kick is being taken
9. you are only allowed 3 subs unless its a friendly
10. the ball must be passed forward when you restart the game
when restarting the game the opposing team must all be on their side of the pitch and so with the defending team. also when there is a freekick the ball must not be moving when it is kicked and if the ball goes off the pitch the game must be restarted with a throw in.

scoring system:
1. every goal that you score it counts as 1 point
2. you cannot score from a throwing
3. you get 3 points for a win
4. you get 1 point for a draw
5. you get 0 points for a loss
6. every goal that you score will add on to your goal difference in the league
7. in a tournament the rule of aggregate is put in place
8. in a tournament if the aggregate score is the same then it will go to extra time and penalties

scenario's where the rules apply:
1. if it is a dangerous tackle the ref is able to send the player off, however it is the referees decision if the tackle was dangerous or not. if it wasn't dangerous it maybe a yellow card
2. if the player handballs it then it is a foul and the player may be shown a card if it was a good scoring opportunity
3. if the managers are arguing then the ref can send then further away however this doesn't happen very often and they are sent to the stands behind
4. give necessary punishment to players when needed, this is only for the referees decision

role of the officials:
the officials are needed for the rule of offside. however the main rule of football officials are that they need to stop the game if a foul is committed. they will make the decisions on there own however they cant go back on a decision.

The referee: He is in charge of the game and makes all of the final decisions. He may get help from his assistants but it his job to make the final decision.

Assistant Referees: These used to be called linesmen. They are responsible for helping the referee when his view of an incident may have been obstructed. For instance, an assistant referee could advise the referee of a penalty incident or a major incident that may have occured off the ball. They are also responsible for notifying the referee of offsides and when the ball has gone out of play.

4th Official: Responsible for coaches remaining in their zone and to ensure that the coaches/managers follow a code of conduct. He is responsible for notifying the referee when a team wants to make a substitution and must know which players need to be replaced. He must also notify the crowd and players of how many added minutes will be played at the end of the 90. Should one of the other official get an injury, the 4th official will step in in his place.

Regulations:
Touch line: Minimum 90 meters (100 yards), maximum 120 meters (130 yards)
Width (goal line): Minimum 45 m (50 yds), maximum 90 m (100 yds).
   
At each end of the field is an eight-yard-wide goal centered along the goal line.
Six yards from each goal post along the goal line and six yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the goal box.
Extending 18 yards from each goal post along the goal line and 18 yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the penalty box.
In each of the four corners of the field is a five-foot-high corner flag.

Referees:
There are 4 officials in a game of football, they are the main referee, the two lines men and there is a fourth official to maintain the behaviour of the two opposing managers, control the substitutes and add on the extra time at the end of each half. the two assistance referees will go up and down the pitch patrolling to see if the players are offside. however they help assist the referee in making decisions near to them. finally the referee is the main decision maker in making decisions on the pitch for example booking players.

the introduction of the goal line technology has developed the sport.
There are several systems currently approved for use by Fifa and the International Football Association Board (IFAB), broadly based either on camera-tracking or magnetic field sensors:

GoalControl
German-produced GoalControl which is the system currently in use at the World Cup in Brazil. It uses 14 high-speed cameras mounted around the stadium – seven pointed at each goal – to track the flight of the ball and detect whether it has cross the goal line or not.

Rules, scoring system and tactics for VOLLEYBALL

Rules:

1) You get 3 touches per team (plus a block, if there is one) to get the ball over the net.
2) You cannot touch the ball twice consecutively (unless your first touch was the block).
3) You must get the ball back over the net within the "crossing space" - i.e. over the net and inside the lines (that's what the antennae are for, to show where the lines would be if they extended upwards)
4) Don't step over the centre line. You can step on it, or fall over it, but your foot cannot cross it completely.
5) Serve from behind the end line and within the extension of the side lines.
6) You must play the ball entirely on your own side of the net.
7) You can be substituted in and out once, but only for the same player
8) If the ball bounces once then the point is won or lost
9) You score a point by grounding the ball inside your opponent's court or by making them hit it into the net or out (or committing a handling fault etc., as above).
10) Either team can score a point, not just the serving team.

scoring system:

When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not. If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in. The team that won the point serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by a two-point margin is awarded the set.

 Regulations:

court:

The standard competitive volleyball court measures 59 feet long by 29.6 feet wide. The center line runs under the net, dividing the court into two equal sides. An attack line runs 9 feet, 10 inches behind the net on each side of the court. The attack line divides the front and back zones. The net measures 8 feet, 11 5/8 inches tall for standard men’s competition and 7 feet, 4 1/8 inches tall for standard women’s competition, according to the USA Volleyball and International Federation of Volleyball rule books.

players:
Both teams must have six players on the court to begin play. Players follow the proper rotational order through each set. Players rotate between six positions on the court, including three back-row positions behind the attack line and three front-row positions in front of the attack line. Each time a team gains the right to serve, its players must rotate one position clockwise. Once the server contacts the ball, players can move out of their rotational positions to play the point.

Referees:

Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second referee, scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges.
The first referee is in charge from the beginning of the match until the end. The first referee has authority over all other members of the officiating crew. The first referee should talk to all the officiating crew members before the match starts, going over any questions officials might have about their responsibilities.

The second referee should keep in touch with the scorekeeper and libero tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don't understand something, they should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for help.

Applying the Rules:

1. Team A plays a good dig shot, followed by a very good set and a winning smash shot. However, the player follows through with his arm and hits the net.

In this situation, team A does not score the point as the player has interfered with the net after playing his shot. The point/serve will be awarded to Team B.

2. Team A manages to play what appears to be a winning shot as the smash the ball into their opponents court. However, they made 3 passes prior to the smash being executed.

The point/serve is awarded to Team B. A team can only play 2 passes before the ball must be hit over the net for it to count as a legitimate winning point.

3. Team A serve the ball but just before the ball crosses the net, a team mate diverts the flight of the ball by jumping and inadvertently skimming the ball with his elbow. Team B continue to play but hit the return into the net.

The umpire should stop the play immediately after noticing that a team mate has interfered with the serve. Regardless of the fact that Team B continued, the point/serve should be awarded to team B