Jordan Bloor Unit 2 Assignment Three

Skill	1	2	3	4	5	Strengths	Weaknesses
Serve			*			My strength is that I was able to hit the ball over the net onto the other side of the court.	My weakness is that I have my foot on the court as I serve and that is not legal.
The Dig		*				My strength is that I have my legs, arms and hands in the right position.	Too much power comes from my arms rather than my legs which means there is not enough control in the shot.
Set Shot			*				I have jumped to the ball too early, my knees are not bent enough and I did not get enough height on the ball.

 

Jordan Bloor Unit 2 Assignment Two

 

Dribbling

 

Coaching Points -  You want to keep the ball close at your feet by taking small touches with the inside of your feet when travelling with the ball.

Try to look up and see if there is an opponent around you and look to see if there is a team mate that you could pass to.  

Try not to stand up right, having low centre of gravity is an advantage with dribbling.

Shooting

Shooting with your laces would generate more power on the ball, shooting with the side foot would have more control on the ball. Leaning over the ball would make sure the it doesn't go over the bar. Make sure your standing foot is placed along side the ball.

 Passing

 

Use your side foot for a short and accurate pass along the ground. Using your laces for a pass would mean that you want a powerful chip pass and try to get curl on the ball.

 

Tactics

 

Chelsea employed an extra defender by playing him in defensive midfield against Spurs in the Capital One cup Final, this was so he could offer more protection for the back four and man mark Christian Eriksen. Chelsea soaked up the pressure knowing the could hit Spurs on the counter attack and score from set pieces which is what they did.

 

 

Serve

 

Stand on the edge of the court when serving.

With one hand hit the ball in then air to the opposing team.

 

 

Strengths/Weakness

 

My foot is on the court before I've served the ball which is an illegal serve.

A strength is that I was able to get it on to the other side of the court and get power on it.

 

The Dig

 

Be in a low position and thumbs should be together, when  you hit the ball use your legs and arms to get power into the ball with control.

 

Strengths/Weakness

My feet and legs are in the right position other than that it is a very weak shot.

 

Smash

 

Keep your eye on the ball and hit it at its highest point.

 

Strengths/Weakness

A strength is that I got power in the shot, but my weakness is that I hit the ball when it started to fall down and did not jump high enough.
 

Set Shot

Use your index finger and your thumb and palm the ball and push it up, to set someone up and return the ball to the opposing team.

 

Strengths/Weakness

A strength is that I got power in it, but I didn't have the right positioning and didn't get good direction on the ball.

 



Will Brett Unit 2 Assignment 3

Observation Football

football	passing	dribbling	shooting
good
average	*	*	*
bad

Passing
 Good: the ball will go to the persons feet or where they want the ball to go and they can do it under pressure.
Average: the ball will go in the correct area to where they want it to go, but sometimes it might not do a good pass under pressure.
bad: they can pass the ball but it isn't very accurate under any circumstances
Dribbling
Good: the person can control the ball under pressure and does not need to look much at the ball and this can enable him to pass the ball without looking at the ball
average: the player can control the ball well however they will generally look at the ball most of the time
bad: they can dribble the ball only at a slow pace and cannot look up to see if he can pass the ball
Shooting
Good: the ball we always go into the place where the person has kicked it, and he can do this under pressure and he will have a good technique.
average: the player can aim for the corners of the goal most of the time and can do it under pressure however it will not be as consistent.
bad: the player will not get much power behind the ball and it will not be very accurate.

Passing:

Strengths: my long range passing is good even though on my video it didn’t go as well. this might be because I only had one attempt and was under pressure 

Weaknesses: my straight line passing could be improved. this is due to my feet positioning might not be straight and then it will go off at an angle

Dribbling:

Strengths: I can dribble the ball with control when I’m under pressure. this is mainly because my touch is good

Weaknesses: I need to work on my first touch and by doing this it will gradually improve my dribbling technique.

Shooting:

Strengths: overall my shooting technique is good when im not under any pressure and this is because I can direct power behind my shots and my techniques were good

Weaknesses: however when I am under pressure sometimes I will rush the shot and it won’t go on target. this is mainly because the pitch might not be good or I may take my eye off the ball

Observation Volleyball

skill	serve	dig	Set	smash
Good		*		*
average	*		*
bad

Serve
good: the person can serve the ball always over the net and can get power behind the shot and this will be accurate when doing so
average: the person will be able to serve the ball over the net most of the time but it might not be as accurate.
bad: the person wont have much power in their shot and it will be inconsistent and not accurate
dig
good: the dig shot will be done with the right technique and the ball will go where they want it to
average: the ball will go most of the time where they want it to however it will be not as accurate when performing this.
bad: the ball will not go high enough in the air and therefore it will not be as accurate.
set
good: the person will be able to set the shot perfectly in the air near the net for his team mate to smash the ball down.
average: the ball will go up in the air and will be near the person who it is aimed for but it will not be performed well every time
bad: the ball will not be directed towards the intended person and it will not go high enough
smash
good: the smash will always have a lot of power and accuracy when they hit it and they will use the right technique in doing this.
average: the person will still get a lot of power behind their shot but it might not be as accurate all the time
bad: the ball will not be smashed under control and this means that it will not be accurate and there wont be as much power in the smash

Serve:

Strengths: I can be accurate when I serve to make it just go over the net so it makes it hard for the opposition to get it back over. this is because I have the correct technique on serving the ball over the net.

Weaknesses: most times I should put more power into the shot but I decide not to just in case it goes out. this is because I play it safe and it can work against me sometimes.

Dig:

Strengths: I can use the technique well, for example having good feet position this enables me to move around the court quickly to get to the ball

Weaknesses: I could be not quite accurate sometimes this could be due to my hands were not in the right place and it will make the ball slide off my hand

Set:

Strengths: I can set up my team for a smash so we can then win the point. this is because my technique can be good when I perform the set shot

Weaknesses: it can be hard to get into the position to perform the set shot. this is mainly due to the ball is travelling quickly

Smash:

Strengths: I can smash the ball with accuracy and power because i am composed in this type of shot and it is because I am confident in doing it

Weaknesses: I don’t get enough power behind the ball sometimes this is because near the end of the game I am tired so I don't put as much effort in 

How can I improve?

Volleyball

My dig shot is possibly my weakest. I need to perfect the technique before I then try to perform it in a match as I tend to much the dig up in matches. Often I just swing my arms when digging and lose control of the ball. I think I need to work on using my legs to get the power and making sure that my arms make a big enough platform to hit the ball. Once my technique has improved, I could make it more competitive by having a time limit and having to perform 10 accurate digs in a minute.

Here is a dig drill that I found which I could use:

 

If I want to improve my technique, I could do with improving my strength especially in my legs. To do this I would go to the gym and work on machines such as the hamstring curl, leg extender, leg press and calf raise. To improve strength I would need to lift quite heavy weights and lift fewer reps. This would help to build muscle. I would try to lift about 80% of my maximum about 8 times. I would probably do 3 sets of these.

Football

I think most of my football skills are good and that my techniques is good under pressure. To improve, I would then work on harder techniques such a shooting with a volley or with my weaker foot. I could work with a partner who could feed the ball in the air for me to practise volleying the ball on target. I would make sure that I was hitting the target first before trying to volley the ball with more power.

Below is a simple volley drill that I found:


Simply practising shooting the ball against a wall with my weaker foot repetitively would soon show improvements. I would also try to just use my weaker foot during game situations in training and in matches have the confidence to use my left foot rather than change my running stride to shoot with my right.

In matches, my cardio vascular endurance is ok but I do get tired towards the end of the games. I need to do more continuous training to improve this component of fitness. I would also do some fartlek training as this would be more realisitc to a game situation where you hardly every run at the same pace for a long period of time.

Jordan Bloor Unit 2 Assignment One

1. The game will start from the centre circle.

2.   Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use his hands when in his area.

3. When you give a free kick it is because the opposing team have given away a foul, the wall that protecting the teams goal has to stand 10 yards away from the ball.

4. If you give away a foul in the area it is a penalty to the opposing team, everyone but the penalty taker and goalkeeper has to stand outside of the area.

5. The duration of the game is 90 minutes unless other rules apply.

6. If the striker is ahead  of the last defender and is played the ball its given as offside and the opposing team get a free kick.

7. Each teams are only aloud 3 substitutions per game.

8. A player can receive a yellow card in a game and if that players receives one more yellow it becomes at red card and they are withdrawn from the pitch, also the player could get a straight red card.


9) In league game a draw will earn each team 1 point but a win will earn the team 3 points and losing team no points.

10) In a cup game the match has a possibility of going to extra time and penalties.

Responsibilities of each Official

The Referee

The referee is the person who is in charge of all of the game.


Assistant Referee's

The Assistant referee's call if the player is offside, gives throw ins and corners, also shows signals for when a play.

The Fourth Official

The Fourth Official cans step in to take over The Referee if necessary, he is in charge of the stoppage time but the referee has the final say, when a substitution is made the Fourth Official uses his electronic board to show which numbers are coming off and on.

 

 

1) The ball is to be served under arm or over arm.

 

2) The next game is the losing team who serves first.

 

3) Each team can only touch the ball 3 times before it needs to be passes over the net.

 

4) Contact with any part of the body below the ball is not allowed

 

5) There is to be no fisting.

You get one point every time the opposing team fail to return the ball, the first team to 25 wins but they must win by two clear points. Every time you win a point you team rotates once in the direction of clockwise.
 

 

 



Will Brett Unit 2 Assignment 2

            skills and techniques for football

skills:
shooting: there are many ways to shoot in different situations. the main is a side foot shot, which is good when trying to get accuracy but not as much power as a normal shot. you will want to plant your weaker foot next to the ball and with the side of the ball hit the ball in the centre.

passing: For a short basic pass, you will turn your foot 90 degrees to the outside and swing your leg so that the inside of your leg makes contact. If you want to send the ball farther, you will swing your leg with more power and aim for the lower half of the ball this will get the ball into the air.

dribbling: Most players find success using the top of their foot to push the ball along the ground when passing, and the more advanced you get the more parts of your foot you will be able to use when dribbling. The goal of dribbling is to move the ball quickly while keeping the ball close to your body, so that you can make a quick decision to pass, shoot or change direction whenever needed.


techniques:
the key techniques that you need to know when playing football are side foot passing/shooting, heading and playing the ball when under pressure.

when side footing the ball you need to kick the ball and keep your foot in a firm hold.

to head the ball you need to attempt to jump as high as you can therefore you will stand more chance of winning the ball, and you need to keep your head straight if wanting to  head straight forward, if you need to pass to the side then flick your head when the ball is on your head.
 also the players need to last 90 minutes of intense football therefore they will be required to be extremely fit and eat the correct nutrients. the players who are coming on from the subs bench they are required to warm themselves up, this means that they will need to know what warm ups and stretches that is needed for their position on the pitch.
Tactics:
you can adjust your formation in a game of football. then this can make the game change in your favour an example of this is that the 442 is now a more out of date formation and now the 4231 formation is commonly used in the Premier League.  For years, the golden rule for coaches everywhere was ‘pass and move’, and this tenet is still enshrined in possession football. Quite simply, teams attempt to hold onto the ball for as long as possible, at all times choosing the easiest possible pass hence the many times you see defenders passing the ball along the defensive line. also a tactical scenario that the players may need to use are if their team are winning the game and there isn't much time left the players can waste time by slowing the pace down, another example is the team that is winning can "park the bus" which is a football term for getting all the players behind the ball and defending.




in this clip the person in the video is using the side of her foot and this is what I did in my picture because this allows you to get a lot more accuracy into your shot. however you will not get as much power when you shoot.



in the clip from youtube he uses the same technique in that he uses the laces and inside of his foot. this lets him get the right power and height into the pass. however this may not be accurate because I only got one shot, however he may have taken a lot to get the right pass.

`

 

in this picture I am striking the ball with the side of my foot. this is because I wanted to get accuracy more than getting power and this enabled me to do this.

strengths:
my strengths in football are that my side foot shooting is good because I can get accuracy on the ball as well as getting power behind the ball. also I can keep the ball under control fairly well when under pressure.

weaknesses:
my weakness in my videos is my passing however usually it is okay but in my video I struck the ball with the inside of my foot and on the side of the ball, and that is why it went off target





 

 

in this image I am striking the ball with the laces but slightly with the inside of my foot. this is because I aim to get more power into my shot, however reduces the accuracy of my kick.

strengths:
my strengths in long range passing are that I am fairly accurate with my passing in that I can get the correct amount of height and power on the ball. I can also do this when under pressure which makes it better to do in a game situation.

weaknesses:
in the video I do not get the correct angle of direction. and sometimes I may not get enough power when I play a through ball in a game situation.

 

 

Volleyball 

 

Skills/ techniques:
there are a few different shoots and layups you can perform in volleyball.
The basic volleyball techniques for serving are…:
         
Toss the ball in front of your serving shoulder
Keep your elbow high and back.
Contact the middle of the ball with the middle of your hand.
Follow through on your armswing.

Forearm Pass-Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the ball.  the fundamental action of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are held together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly squatted and balanced position.  

Setting- Used to receive a teammate's pass in order that the play may continue by passing the ball overhead to an attacker.  the fundamental action of setting is to contact the ball with the finger pads momentarily at the forehead and following through with arms fully extended to the hitting target.  

Kill or Attack-Used to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point or side out.  the fundamental action of attacking incorporates a quick approach followed by a strong, full arm swing, and follow-thru.  

Block-Used to stop the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's attack.  A block is effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or if it temporarily slows down the ball in order for a defender to make a dig.  The fundamental action of blocking is to stand facing the net with feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly extended above the head, ready to jump above the net to deflect the ball back into the opponent's court.

the players in volleyball need to also be fit because the game will not last as much time, however it will require short bursts of fitness many times in the game. therefore all volleyball players will need to be fit to get around the court and also will require mental fitness as well.
 

 

Tactics:

 

   1 - back  right, where the player who has just served stands.

2 - front right.

3 - front middle.

4 - front left.

5 - back  left.

6 - back  middle.

 

 

there is also a sweeper in volleyball who will not be rotated and will stand in the centre of the court, this player will need to be small and agile because they need to get around the court quickly. therefore this is a tactical scenario because if the other team have a tall sweeper then they will not be able to move around the court as quick. 

 

 

 

 

 

 in this youtube clip the woman is performing the dig shot. in this she performs the shot better than me because she is bending her knees and in my video I did not bend my knees enough. but I did get the ball in the air high which is key because it lets the team mates get into position to get the ball back over the net.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 in this YouTube video the man is teaching the basics and advancements of serving a volleyball. in this he begins in using the basic serve which is under arm and that is what I used in my clip. but he also shows you how to serve the ball with more power which is done by over arm.

 

 



in this YouTube clip the man is performing a set shot. in this video his technique is the same to mine in that you need to bend your knees. also he ces the ball near the net which is what I said you need to do.





in this video I am performing the set shot which is used when you are nearer the net but cannot get much power behind it. therefore you set the ball into the air near the net so that your team mate can smash the ball onto the other side with maximum power and being able to do it easily.

 

in this video I am performing the dig shot which is mainly used when you need to keep the ball from touching the flour. and this shot is used to help keep the ball alive.
in this video it is a combination of all three of the techniques and shots what you use in volleyball, the set, serve and smash. in this sequence I am performing the smash shot. in this shot you don't need to get accuracy into the shot but you need to get as much power as you can so it makes it hard for the opposition to get it back.
evidently in this video I am performing a serve which is usually performed under armed however if you are very good at it then it can be performed over arm and then this will enable you to put more power into the shot.

Harley gordon unit 2 assignment 3

Harley Gordon unit 2 assignment 2

harley gordon unit 2 assignment 1

rules, regulation and scoring system for football

 

• only the goal keeper can use his hands, if a player uses his hands it will result in a penalty/free kick
• no players at anytime can kick other players aka hacking, as you will most likely get a red card
• A goal is scored whenever the ball is forced through the goal and under the bar, except it be thrown by hand.
• A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in between.
• For fouls committed a player could receive either a yellow or red card depending on the severity of the foul.
• The yellow is a warning and a red card is a dismissal of that player. Two yellow cards will equal one red. Once a player is sent off then they cannot be replaced.
•  Ball.  Must be spherical, made of leather (or similar) 68-70 cm in circumference and of a certain pressure.  
• Number of Players.  Two teams of no more than 11 players (one of which is the goalkeeper).  A game cannot start if either team has less than 7 players.
• Equipment.  Players must wear a jersey, shorts, stockings, shin guards and footwear.
• Referee.  The referee ensures the Laws of the Game are respected and upheld.

Regulation lengths are:

    Touch line: Minimum 90 meters (100 yards), maximum 120 meters (130 yards)

    Width (goal line): Minimum 45 m (50 yds), maximum 90 m (100 yds).

    At each end of the field is an eight-yard-wide goal centered along the goal line.

    Six yards from each goal post along the goal line and six yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the goal box.

    Extending 18 yards from each goal post along the goal line and 18 yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the penalty box.

    In each of the four corners of the field is a five-foot-high corner flag.

 

scoring system:

• a goal is scored when the whole ball is across the line, between the goal posts and under the crossbar. if the ball is on the line or doesn't go inbetween the crossbars the goal will not count.

 

 

• you win the game by having the most goals scored at the end of the game. if both teams have the same amount of goals then it is a draw.

 

 

applying the rules to the game:

• if a player was to hand ball the ball in the oppositions area, the referee will place the ball on the penalty spot and the opposition team will have a penalty.
• if a player with the ball was to get tackled badly and cause a minor injury the referee will place the ball where the tackle took place and the team will have a free kick.
• if a player was to use abusive language towards the referee the player will be given a red card and be told he will not be able to take part in the rest of the game.
•  if a defender was to pass the ball back to the goal keeper and the goal was to pick the ball up, that would be an indirect free kick, an indirect free kick is when the ball has to be touched first then you can kick it o the second touch.`

basic rules for volleyball

Team will rotate each time they win the serve

Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner

There shall be 4-6 players on each side.

Server must serve from behind the end line until after contact

Ball may be served underhand or overhand

Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve

Served ball may graze the net and drop to theother side for point

First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser

Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve

Must win by 2 points.

Scoring

Teams can win points on their own serve and on their opponent’s serve, according to the USA Volleyball and International Federation of Volleyball rule books. The first team to win 25 points with a two-point lead wins the set. The first team to win three sets wins the match. If the match goes to a fifth set, the first team to win 15 points with a two-point lead wins the set and the match.

 

Will Brett Unit 2 Assignment 1

Rules, scoring systems and Regulations for Football
RULES:
1. when going into a tackle do not have your studs facing up
2. do not use your hands unless you are in goal
3. you can use any part of the body to control the ball besides your hands
4. you can use your shoulder to push people off the ball
5. do not wear any jewellery
6. in a free kick situation the wall must be 10 yards away from the ball
7. when taking a goal kick it must not go out of the 6 yard box
8. you cannot be in the area when a goal kick is being taken
9. you are only allowed 3 subs unless its a friendly
10. the ball must be passed forward when you restart the game
when restarting the game the opposing team must all be on their side of the pitch and so with the defending team. also when there is a freekick the ball must not be moving when it is kicked and if the ball goes off the pitch the game must be restarted with a throw in.

scoring system:
1. every goal that you score it counts as 1 point
2. you cannot score from a throwing
3. you get 3 points for a win
4. you get 1 point for a draw
5. you get 0 points for a loss
6. every goal that you score will add on to your goal difference in the league
7. in a tournament the rule of aggregate is put in place
8. in a tournament if the aggregate score is the same then it will go to extra time and penalties

scenario's where the rules apply:
1. if it is a dangerous tackle the ref is able to send the player off, however it is the referees decision if the tackle was dangerous or not. if it wasn't dangerous it maybe a yellow card
2. if the player handballs it then it is a foul and the player may be shown a card if it was a good scoring opportunity
3. if the managers are arguing then the ref can send then further away however this doesn't happen very often and they are sent to the stands behind
4. give necessary punishment to players when needed, this is only for the referees decision

role of the officials:
the officials are needed for the rule of offside. however the main rule of football officials are that they need to stop the game if a foul is committed. they will make the decisions on there own however they cant go back on a decision.

The referee: He is in charge of the game and makes all of the final decisions. He may get help from his assistants but it his job to make the final decision.

Assistant Referees: These used to be called linesmen. They are responsible for helping the referee when his view of an incident may have been obstructed. For instance, an assistant referee could advise the referee of a penalty incident or a major incident that may have occured off the ball. They are also responsible for notifying the referee of offsides and when the ball has gone out of play.

4th Official: Responsible for coaches remaining in their zone and to ensure that the coaches/managers follow a code of conduct. He is responsible for notifying the referee when a team wants to make a substitution and must know which players need to be replaced. He must also notify the crowd and players of how many added minutes will be played at the end of the 90. Should one of the other official get an injury, the 4th official will step in in his place.

Regulations:
Touch line: Minimum 90 meters (100 yards), maximum 120 meters (130 yards)
Width (goal line): Minimum 45 m (50 yds), maximum 90 m (100 yds).
   
At each end of the field is an eight-yard-wide goal centered along the goal line.
Six yards from each goal post along the goal line and six yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the goal box.
Extending 18 yards from each goal post along the goal line and 18 yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the penalty box.
In each of the four corners of the field is a five-foot-high corner flag.

Referees:
There are 4 officials in a game of football, they are the main referee, the two lines men and there is a fourth official to maintain the behaviour of the two opposing managers, control the substitutes and add on the extra time at the end of each half. the two assistance referees will go up and down the pitch patrolling to see if the players are offside. however they help assist the referee in making decisions near to them. finally the referee is the main decision maker in making decisions on the pitch for example booking players.

the introduction of the goal line technology has developed the sport.
There are several systems currently approved for use by Fifa and the International Football Association Board (IFAB), broadly based either on camera-tracking or magnetic field sensors:

GoalControl
German-produced GoalControl which is the system currently in use at the World Cup in Brazil. It uses 14 high-speed cameras mounted around the stadium – seven pointed at each goal – to track the flight of the ball and detect whether it has cross the goal line or not.

Rules, scoring system and tactics for VOLLEYBALL

Rules:

1) You get 3 touches per team (plus a block, if there is one) to get the ball over the net.
2) You cannot touch the ball twice consecutively (unless your first touch was the block).
3) You must get the ball back over the net within the "crossing space" - i.e. over the net and inside the lines (that's what the antennae are for, to show where the lines would be if they extended upwards)
4) Don't step over the centre line. You can step on it, or fall over it, but your foot cannot cross it completely.
5) Serve from behind the end line and within the extension of the side lines.
6) You must play the ball entirely on your own side of the net.
7) You can be substituted in and out once, but only for the same player
8) If the ball bounces once then the point is won or lost
9) You score a point by grounding the ball inside your opponent's court or by making them hit it into the net or out (or committing a handling fault etc., as above).
10) Either team can score a point, not just the serving team.

scoring system:

When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not. If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted as in. The team that won the point serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by a two-point margin is awarded the set.

 Regulations:

court:

The standard competitive volleyball court measures 59 feet long by 29.6 feet wide. The center line runs under the net, dividing the court into two equal sides. An attack line runs 9 feet, 10 inches behind the net on each side of the court. The attack line divides the front and back zones. The net measures 8 feet, 11 5/8 inches tall for standard men’s competition and 7 feet, 4 1/8 inches tall for standard women’s competition, according to the USA Volleyball and International Federation of Volleyball rule books.

players:
Both teams must have six players on the court to begin play. Players follow the proper rotational order through each set. Players rotate between six positions on the court, including three back-row positions behind the attack line and three front-row positions in front of the attack line. Each time a team gains the right to serve, its players must rotate one position clockwise. Once the server contacts the ball, players can move out of their rotational positions to play the point.

Referees:

Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second referee, scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges.
The first referee is in charge from the beginning of the match until the end. The first referee has authority over all other members of the officiating crew. The first referee should talk to all the officiating crew members before the match starts, going over any questions officials might have about their responsibilities.

The second referee should keep in touch with the scorekeeper and libero tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don't understand something, they should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for help.

Applying the Rules:

1. Team A plays a good dig shot, followed by a very good set and a winning smash shot. However, the player follows through with his arm and hits the net.

In this situation, team A does not score the point as the player has interfered with the net after playing his shot. The point/serve will be awarded to Team B.

2. Team A manages to play what appears to be a winning shot as the smash the ball into their opponents court. However, they made 3 passes prior to the smash being executed.

The point/serve is awarded to Team B. A team can only play 2 passes before the ball must be hit over the net for it to count as a legitimate winning point.

3. Team A serve the ball but just before the ball crosses the net, a team mate diverts the flight of the ball by jumping and inadvertently skimming the ball with his elbow. Team B continue to play but hit the return into the net.

The umpire should stop the play immediately after noticing that a team mate has interfered with the serve. Regardless of the fact that Team B continued, the point/serve should be awarded to team B